import imaplib

# 連線到 IMAP 伺服器（SSL）
imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com', 993)

# 或使用明文連線（不建議）
# imap = imaplib.IMAP4('imap.example.com', 143)

# 登入
imap.login('alice@gmail.com', 'password')

# 列出所有資料夾
status, folders = imap.list()
print("資料夾列表：")
for folder in folders:
    print(folder.decode())

# 登出
imap.logout()

import imaplib
import email
from email.header import decode_header

# 連線並登入
imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
imap.login('alice@gmail.com', 'password')

# 選擇收件匣
status, messages = imap.select('INBOX')
print(f"收件匣有 {messages[0].decode()} 封郵件")

# 搜尋所有郵件
status, msg_ids = imap.search(None, 'ALL')

# 取得郵件 ID 列表
email_ids = msg_ids[0].split()

# 讀取最新的 5 封郵件
for email_id in email_ids[-5:]:
    # 取得郵件
    status, msg_data = imap.fetch(email_id, '(RFC822)')

    # 解析郵件
    for response_part in msg_data:
        if isinstance(response_part, tuple):
            msg = email.message_from_bytes(response_part[1])

            # 解碼主旨
            subject, encoding = decode_header(msg['Subject'])[0]
            if isinstance(subject, bytes):
                subject = subject.decode(encoding or 'utf-8')

            # 取得寄件者
            from_ = msg.get('From')
            date = msg.get('Date')

            print(f"\n郵件 ID: {email_id.decode()}")
            print(f"From: {from_}")
            print(f"Subject: {subject}")
            print(f"Date: {date}")
            print('-' * 60)

imap.logout()

import imaplib

imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
imap.login('alice@gmail.com', 'password')
imap.select('INBOX')

# 1. 搜尋未讀郵件
status, messages = imap.search(None, 'UNSEEN')
print(f"未讀郵件：{len(messages[0].split())} 封")

# 2. 搜尋特定寄件者
status, messages = imap.search(None, 'FROM', 'boss@company.com')

# 3. 搜尋主旨關鍵字
status, messages = imap.search(None, 'SUBJECT', '會議')

# 4. 搜尋日期範圍
status, messages = imap.search(None, 'SINCE', '01-Jan-2025')
status, messages = imap.search(None, 'BEFORE', '31-Jan-2025')

# 5. 組合條件
status, messages = imap.search(
    None,
    '(FROM "boss@company.com" SUBJECT "緊急" UNSEEN)'
)

# 6. 搜尋已標記星號的郵件
status, messages = imap.search(None, 'FLAGGED')

# 7. 搜尋包含附件的郵件（Gmail 擴展）
status, messages = imap.search(None, 'X-GM-RAW', 'has:attachment')

# 8. 全文搜尋（Gmail 擴展）
status, messages = imap.search(None, 'X-GM-RAW', '"重要文件"')

imap.logout()

import imaplib

imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
imap.login('alice@gmail.com', 'password')

# 列出所有資料夾
status, folders = imap.list()
print("所有資料夾：")
for folder in folders:
    print(folder.decode())

# 建立新資料夾
imap.create('Work')
imap.create('Work/Projects')  # 子資料夾

# 重新命名資料夾
imap.rename('Work', 'Office')

# 刪除資料夾（必須為空）
imap.delete('Office/Projects')

# 訂閱資料夾（顯示在客戶端）
imap.subscribe('Office')

# 取消訂閱
imap.unsubscribe('Office')

imap.logout()

import imaplib

imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
imap.login('alice@gmail.com', 'password')
imap.select('INBOX')

# 標記為已讀
imap.store('1', '+FLAGS', '\\Seen')

# 標記為未讀
imap.store('1', '-FLAGS', '\\Seen')

# 標記星號
imap.store('1', '+FLAGS', '\\Flagged')

# 取消星號
imap.store('1', '-FLAGS', '\\Flagged')

# 標記為刪除（不會立即刪除）
imap.store('1', '+FLAGS', '\\Deleted')

# 永久刪除所有標記為刪除的郵件
imap.expunge()

# 設定多個標記
imap.store('1', '+FLAGS', '(\\Seen \\Flagged)')

# 檢查郵件標記
status, data = imap.fetch('1', '(FLAGS)')
print(f"郵件 1 的標記：{data[0]}")

imap.logout()

import imaplib

imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
imap.login('alice@gmail.com', 'password')
imap.select('INBOX')

# 複製郵件到其他資料夾
imap.copy('1', 'Work')

# 移動郵件（複製 + 刪除）
imap.copy('1', 'Archive')
imap.store('1', '+FLAGS', '\\Deleted')
imap.expunge()

# 批次移動
# 搜尋特定郵件
status, messages = imap.search(None, 'FROM', 'newsletter@example.com')
email_ids = messages[0].split()

# 移動到特定資料夾
for email_id in email_ids:
    imap.copy(email_id, 'Newsletter')
    imap.store(email_id, '+FLAGS', '\\Deleted')

imap.expunge()
imap.logout()

import imaplib
import time

class IdleIMAP(imaplib.IMAP4_SSL):
    """支援 IDLE 的 IMAP 客戶端"""

    def idle(self):
        """進入 IDLE 模式"""
        self.send(b'%s IDLE\r\n' % self._new_tag())
        return self.readline()

    def idle_done(self):
        """離開 IDLE 模式"""
        self.send(b'DONE\r\n')
        return self.readline()

# 使用
imap = IdleIMAP('imap.gmail.com')
imap.login('alice@gmail.com', 'password')
imap.select('INBOX')

print("等待新郵件...")

while True:
    # 進入 IDLE 模式
    response = imap.idle()
    print(f"IDLE 開始：{response}")

    # 等待 29 分鐘（IDLE 限制 30 分鐘）
    time.sleep(29 * 60)

    # 離開 IDLE 模式
    response = imap.idle_done()
    print(f"IDLE 結束：{response}")

    # 檢查新郵件
    status, messages = imap.search(None, 'UNSEEN')
    if messages[0]:
        print(f"有新郵件：{len(messages[0].split())} 封")
        # 處理新郵件...

    # 重新進入 IDLE（循環）

import imaplib

imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
imap.login('alice@gmail.com', 'password')
imap.select('INBOX')

# 只下載標頭
status, data = imap.fetch('1', '(BODY[HEADER])')
print("只有標頭：")
print(data[0][1].decode())

# 只下載郵件本文（不含附件）
status, data = imap.fetch('1', '(BODY[TEXT])')
print("\n只有本文：")
print(data[0][1].decode())

# 取得郵件結構（不下載內容）
status, data = imap.fetch('1', '(BODYSTRUCTURE)')
print("\n郵件結構：")
print(data[0])

# 只下載特定部分（例如：第一個附件）
status, data = imap.fetch('1', '(BODY[2])')  # 部分 2

# 取得郵件大小
status, data = imap.fetch('1', '(RFC822.SIZE)')
print(f"\n郵件大小：{data[0]}")

imap.logout()

import imaplib
import email
from email.header import decode_header
from datetime import datetime

class EmailManager:
    def __init__(self, server, username, password):
        self.imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(server)
        self.imap.login(username, password)

    def list_folders(self):
        """列出所有資料夾"""
        status, folders = self.imap.list()
        folder_list = []

        for folder in folders:
            # 解析資料夾名稱
            parts = folder.decode().split('"')
            if len(parts) >= 3:
                folder_name = parts[-2]
                folder_list.append(folder_name)

        return folder_list

    def select_folder(self, folder='INBOX'):
        """選擇資料夾"""
        status, messages = self.imap.select(folder)
        return int(messages[0])

    def search_emails(self, criteria='ALL'):
        """搜尋郵件"""
        status, messages = self.imap.search(None, criteria)
        return messages[0].split()

    def get_email(self, email_id):
        """取得郵件內容"""
        status, data = self.imap.fetch(email_id, '(RFC822)')

        for response_part in data:
            if isinstance(response_part, tuple):
                msg = email.message_from_bytes(response_part[1])

                # 解碼主旨
                subject = self._decode_header(msg['Subject'])

                # 取得本文
                body = self._get_body(msg)

                return {
                    'id': email_id.decode(),
                    'from': msg.get('From'),
                    'to': msg.get('To'),
                    'subject': subject,
                    'date': msg.get('Date'),
                    'body': body
                }

    def _decode_header(self, header):
        """解碼標頭"""
        if header is None:
            return ''

        decoded = decode_header(header)[0]
        text, encoding = decoded

        if isinstance(text, bytes):
            return text.decode(encoding or 'utf-8', errors='ignore')
        return text

    def _get_body(self, msg):
        """取得郵件本文"""
        if msg.is_multipart():
            for part in msg.walk():
                content_type = part.get_content_type()
                if content_type == 'text/plain':
                    payload = part.get_payload(decode=True)
                    if payload:
                        return payload.decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
        else:
            payload = msg.get_payload(decode=True)
            if payload:
                return payload.decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')

        return ''

    def mark_as_read(self, email_id):
        """標記為已讀"""
        self.imap.store(email_id, '+FLAGS', '\\Seen')

    def mark_as_unread(self, email_id):
        """標記為未讀"""
        self.imap.store(email_id, '-FLAGS', '\\Seen')

    def move_to_folder(self, email_id, folder):
        """移動到資料夾"""
        self.imap.copy(email_id, folder)
        self.imap.store(email_id, '+FLAGS', '\\Deleted')
        self.imap.expunge()

    def delete_email(self, email_id):
        """刪除郵件"""
        self.imap.store(email_id, '+FLAGS', '\\Deleted')
        self.imap.expunge()

    def close(self):
        """關閉連線"""
        self.imap.logout()

# 使用範例
manager = EmailManager('imap.gmail.com', 'alice@gmail.com', 'password')

# 列出資料夾
folders = manager.list_folders()
print(f"資料夾：{folders}")

# 選擇收件匣
count = manager.select_folder('INBOX')
print(f"收件匣有 {count} 封郵件")

# 搜尋未讀郵件
unread = manager.search_emails('UNSEEN')
print(f"未讀郵件：{len(unread)} 封")

# 讀取第一封未讀郵件
if unread:
    email_data = manager.get_email(unread[0])
    print(f"\n主旨：{email_data['subject']}")
    print(f"寄件者：{email_data['from']}")
    print(f"內容：{email_data['body'][:100]}...")

    # 標記為已讀
    manager.mark_as_read(unread[0])

manager.close()

# POP3：單一裝置
# 在公司電腦下載郵件
pop3.retr(1)  # 郵件下載到電腦
pop3.dele(1)  # 伺服器刪除

# 回家後...
# 手機、家裡電腦看不到這封郵件（已被刪除）

# IMAP：多裝置同步
# 在公司電腦
imap.store('1', '+FLAGS', '\\Seen')  # 標記已讀

# 回家後...
# 手機、家裡電腦也顯示為「已讀」（同步）

import imaplib
import select

class IdleMailbox:
    def __init__(self, server, user, password):
        self.imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(server)
        self.imap.login(user, password)
        self.imap.select('INBOX')

    def wait_for_new_mail(self):
        """等待新郵件"""
        # 進入 IDLE 模式
        tag = self.imap._new_tag().decode()
        self.imap.send(f'{tag} IDLE\r\n'.encode())

        # 等待伺服器回應
        while True:
            # 使用 select 檢查是否有資料
            ready = select.select([self.imap.socket()], [], [], 29*60)

            if ready[0]:
                # 有資料（可能是新郵件）
                response = self.imap.readline()

                if b'EXISTS' in response:
                    print("有新郵件！")

                    # 結束 IDLE
                    self.imap.send(b'DONE\r\n')
                    self.imap.readline()  # 讀取 OK 回應

                    return True

            # 29 分鐘後重新 IDLE（IDLE 限制 30 分鐘）
            self.imap.send(b'DONE\r\n')
            self.imap.readline()

            # 重新進入 IDLE
            tag = self.imap._new_tag().decode()
            self.imap.send(f'{tag} IDLE\r\n'.encode())

# 使用
mailbox = IdleMailbox('imap.gmail.com', 'alice@gmail.com', 'password')

while True:
    if mailbox.wait_for_new_mail():
        print("處理新郵件...")
        # 處理新郵件的邏輯

# ❌ 不好：下載完整郵件（包含大附件）
status, data = imap.fetch('1', '(RFC822)')  # 可能數 MB

# ✅ 好：只下載標頭
status, data = imap.fetch('1', '(BODY[HEADER])')  # 幾 KB

# ✅ 好：只下載本文（不含附件）
status, data = imap.fetch('1', '(BODY[TEXT])')

# ❌ 不好：逐一操作
for i in range(1, 100):
    imap.store(str(i), '+FLAGS', '\\Seen')  # 100 次請求

# ✅ 好：批次操作
imap.store('1:100', '+FLAGS', '\\Seen')  # 1 次請求

# ❌ 不好：使用序號（會變動）
imap.fetch('1', '(RFC822)')  # 如果刪除郵件，編號會改變

# ✅ 好：使用 UID（永久不變）
imap.uid('FETCH', '12345', '(RFC822)')

import json
import os

class CachedIMAPClient:
    def __init__(self, server, user, password):
        self.imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(server)
        self.imap.login(user, password)
        self.cache_file = 'email_cache.json'
        self.cache = self.load_cache()

    def load_cache(self):
        if os.path.exists(self.cache_file):
            with open(self.cache_file, 'r') as f:
                return json.load(f)
        return {}

    def save_cache(self):
        with open(self.cache_file, 'w') as f:
            json.dump(self.cache, f)

    def get_email(self, uid):
        # 檢查快取
        if uid in self.cache:
            print(f"從快取讀取 UID {uid}")
            return self.cache[uid]

        # 從伺服器下載
        print(f"從伺服器下載 UID {uid}")
        status, data = self.imap.uid('FETCH', uid, '(RFC822)')

        # 解析並快取
        email_data = self.parse_email(data)
        self.cache[uid] = email_data
        self.save_cache()

        return email_data

from datetime import datetime, timedelta

# 只搜尋最近 30 天的郵件
since_date = (datetime.now() - timedelta(days=30)).strftime('%d-%b-%Y')
status, messages = imap.search(None, f'SINCE {since_date}')

# 或只搜尋未讀郵件
status, messages = imap.search(None, 'UNSEEN')

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
import imaplib

def fetch_email(email_id):
    # 每個執行緒建立獨立連線
    imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
    imap.login('user@gmail.com', 'password')
    imap.select('INBOX')

    status, data = imap.fetch(email_id, '(RFC822)')
    # 處理郵件...

    imap.logout()
    return data

# 並行下載多封郵件
email_ids = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']

with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:
    results = executor.map(fetch_email, email_ids)

import sqlite3
import imaplib
import email
import json
from datetime import datetime

class OfflineIMAPClient:
    def __init__(self, server, user, password):
        self.server = server
        self.user = user
        self.password = password
        self.imap = None
        self.db = sqlite3.connect('emails.db')
        self.init_db()

    def init_db(self):
        """初始化資料庫"""
        cursor = self.db.cursor()

        cursor.execute('''
            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS emails (
                uid TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
                folder TEXT,
                subject TEXT,
                sender TEXT,
                date TEXT,
                body TEXT,
                flags TEXT,
                synced INTEGER DEFAULT 0
            )
        ''')

        cursor.execute('''
            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sync_state (
                folder TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
                last_sync TEXT,
                uidvalidity INTEGER
            )
        ''')

        self.db.commit()

    def connect(self):
        """連線到 IMAP 伺服器"""
        try:
            self.imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(self.server)
            self.imap.login(self.user, self.password)
            return True
        except:
            return False

    def sync_folder(self, folder='INBOX'):
        """同步資料夾"""
        if not self.imap:
            print("離線模式：無法同步")
            return False

        self.imap.select(folder)

        # 取得所有郵件 UID
        status, data = self.imap.uid('SEARCH', None, 'ALL')
        uids = data[0].split()

        cursor = self.db.cursor()

        for uid in uids:
            uid_str = uid.decode()

            # 檢查是否已下載
            cursor.execute('SELECT uid FROM emails WHERE uid = ?', (uid_str,))
            if cursor.fetchone():
                continue  # 已存在，跳過

            # 下載郵件
            status, data = self.imap.uid('FETCH', uid, '(RFC822 FLAGS)')

            if status == 'OK':
                msg = email.message_from_bytes(data[0][1])

                # 儲存到資料庫
                cursor.execute('''
                    INSERT INTO emails (uid, folder, subject, sender, date, body, flags, synced)
                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 1)
                ''', (
                    uid_str,
                    folder,
                    msg.get('Subject', ''),
                    msg.get('From', ''),
                    msg.get('Date', ''),
                    self.get_body(msg),
                    json.dumps(self.parse_flags(data[0][0])),
                ))

        # 更新同步狀態
        cursor.execute('''
            INSERT OR REPLACE INTO sync_state (folder, last_sync)
            VALUES (?, ?)
        ''', (folder, datetime.now().isoformat()))

        self.db.commit()
        print(f"同步完成：{len(uids)} 封郵件")
        return True

    def get_emails_offline(self, folder='INBOX', limit=50):
        """離線讀取郵件"""
        cursor = self.db.cursor()

        cursor.execute('''
            SELECT uid, subject, sender, date, body, flags
            FROM emails
            WHERE folder = ?
            ORDER BY date DESC
            LIMIT ?
        ''', (folder, limit))

        emails = []
        for row in cursor.fetchall():
            emails.append({
                'uid': row[0],
                'subject': row[1],
                'sender': row[2],
                'date': row[3],
                'body': row[4],
                'flags': json.loads(row[5])
            })

        return emails

    def mark_as_read_offline(self, uid):
        """離線標記為已讀"""
        cursor = self.db.cursor()

        # 更新本地資料庫
        cursor.execute('''
            UPDATE emails
            SET flags = json_set(flags, '$.seen', 1), synced = 0
            WHERE uid = ?
        ''', (uid,))

        self.db.commit()

        # 如果在線，同步到伺服器
        if self.imap:
            self.imap.uid('STORE', uid, '+FLAGS', '\\Seen')

    def get_body(self, msg):
        """取得郵件本文"""
        if msg.is_multipart():
            for part in msg.walk():
                if part.get_content_type() == 'text/plain':
                    return part.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
        else:
            return msg.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')
        return ''

    def parse_flags(self, flags_data):
        """解析標記"""
        # 簡化版本
        return {'seen': b'\\Seen' in flags_data}

# 使用
client = OfflineIMAPClient('imap.gmail.com', 'alice@gmail.com', 'password')

# 線上模式：同步
if client.connect():
    client.sync_folder('INBOX')

# 離線模式：讀取本地郵件
emails = client.get_emails_offline('INBOX', limit=10)
for email in emails:
    print(f"{email['subject']} - {email['sender']}")

# 離線標記已讀
client.mark_as_read_offline(emails[0]['uid'])